May 31

It was a good year. I had fun and learned a lot. Some good memories in this class. You were a very good teacher.

May 30

Today in class, we finished going over the powerpoint about Luther and Reformation of the church. We talked about the actions Martin Luther took in order to reform and change the Church. He rallied a good amount of people up and protested the pope. Then he was excommunicated from the church. So he took o another identity an escaped the Diet of Worms. The Diet of Worms was an assembly of the city Worms in Germany. They believed he should stay in Worms until he relaxes and cools down. But he escaped and went back to Wittenberg where people have made their own religions and follow what Luther wanted people of the Catholic church to follow all of the time.

May 29

What's So Wrong with the Church? Corrupt leadership. Renaissance- era popes spent on personal pleasure. Pope Alexander VI said he fathered several children. Many priests and monks were poorly educated. How can you teach if you can barely read? Some priests broke their vows, they got married/had children. Some priests drank to excess, many gambled. But mostly, indulgences. The selling of indulgences (pardons) "releases a sinner from performing the penalty a priest imposed for sins". Johann Tetzer was a monk who sold indulgences to help rebuild St. Peter's Cathedral. A monk named Martin Luther objected to this practice. So, who is this "Martin Luther"? Formative Years. Martin Luther was born in Germany in 1483. He attends the University of Erfurt (he called it a beerhouse and a whorehouse). After getting his degree he enrolls in law school (his father's wish). As people are dying of the plague (which they "deserve"). ZAP! Everything changes with a bolt of lightning. Martin was on his way back to school after a visit home (he was 21). He got struck by lightning and knocked off his horse. He then decided to become a monk. Monk-y Business. Two weeks later, Martin drops out of law school. 1504- he joins an Augustinian monastery. 1507- ordained a priest. 1508- teaching theology at the University of Wittenberg. 1512- he becomes a Doctor of Theology. Martin Luther gets mad at the Church. Luther thinks Tetzer is a "pardon-merchant". Martin came up with 95 objections to the Church of "doing business". He nails them to the church door in Wittenburg on Halloween. Known as the "95 Theses". The Church is Going to need Aloe for this Burn. The "95 Theses" document was copied and taken to a printer. Luther says the Church needs to be Reformed. "Reformed"="Reformation". People win salvation by faith in God's gift of forgiveness. All Church teachings should be clearly based on the words of the Bible. All people with faith is equal. People do not need priests to interpret the Bible for them. Those were all the notes that I had written down in my book based on the slideshow. That is all we did today in Western Civilization. 

May 11

Yesterday in class, the students talked to Mr. Schick from being on rest for two weeks. It was interesting speaking with the teacher after not seeing him for a little bit of time. Well, things did feel like they were getting back to normal in that class. Anyways, Mr. Schick talked about his surgery and how things went with it, and then he spoke on the time he was gone for. After that, we took notes on the 'Rome' slide that he created for the upcoming test, which I hope I do well on. Rome, Rome, Rome. Who settled Rome? Etruscans came from the north-central part of the peninsula. Metal workers, artists, architects. Who else settled Rome? Greeks, they had many colonies around the Mediterranean Sea. The Romans borrowed ideas from them such as religious beliefs, the alphabet, much of their art, military techniques and weaponry. But who first settled there? The Latins, which are descendants of Indo-Europeans. Settled on the banks of the Tiber. They drained the swamp. Many streams flowed into the Tiber. 

May 24

Read: 488-494

Questions: 1,3,4

1.

• indulgence- pardon for sins believed to buy a way into heaven
• reformation- formation of several protestant church reformations
• Lutheran- what Luther and his follower's religion was called
• protestant- Christians who belong to non- catholic churches
• peace of Augsburg- a famous religious settlement who decided the religion of the state
• annul- to set aside (marriage)
• Anglican- church of England with Elizabeth as head

3. -Queen Elizabeth I helped restore Protestantism 

-Powerful monarchs challenged the church as the supreme power in Europe
-Many leaders viewed the pope as a foreign ruler and challenged his authority
-European princes and kings were jealous of the Church's wealth. 
-Merchants and other people didn't want to pay taxes to the church
-Some church leaders had become worldly and corrupt
-Many people found Church practices such as selling indulgences unacceptable
-People wanted to be able to divorce

4. A group of people at the time of Martin Luther who was Catholic protestors of certain Catholic beliefs.

May 22

Today in class, we went over the powerpoint about reformation again. We talked about patrons and artists they sponsored. Like d'Este, she sponsored almost all of the greatest artists of all time. For example, she sponsored Da Vinci, Michaelangelo, and many more. She was also an artist herself. Her parents were wealthy and powerful and passed that down to her. We then talked about Michaelangelo's sculptures and paintings in the churches. He was a creative genius. 

May 20

Read Page: 468-477
Questions: 1,3,4,5

1:
Rennaisance: a movement that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome

Humanism: A belief that emphasizes faith and optimism in human potential and creativity

Secular: Concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters

Patron: a person who provides financial support for the arts

Perspective: point of view

Vernacular: the everyday language of ordinary people

3:

Man:                                                          
-Renaissance writers introduced the idea that all educated people were expected to create art. the ideal individual strove to master "universal man. Later ages called such people "Renaissance man"


Woman:
-the upper-class woman also should know the classics and be charming. But not meant to seek fame. They needed to inspire art but rarely create it. the upper-class woman was better educated than a medieval woman

4: Thriving cities, a wealthy merchant class, and the classical heritage of Greece and Rome

5:  Medieval artists had used religious subjects to convey a spiritual ideal. Renaissance artists often portrayed religious subjects, but they used a realistic style copied from classical models.