May 31

It was a good year. I had fun and learned a lot. Some good memories in this class. You were a very good teacher.

May 30

Today in class, we finished going over the powerpoint about Luther and Reformation of the church. We talked about the actions Martin Luther took in order to reform and change the Church. He rallied a good amount of people up and protested the pope. Then he was excommunicated from the church. So he took o another identity an escaped the Diet of Worms. The Diet of Worms was an assembly of the city Worms in Germany. They believed he should stay in Worms until he relaxes and cools down. But he escaped and went back to Wittenberg where people have made their own religions and follow what Luther wanted people of the Catholic church to follow all of the time.

May 29

What's So Wrong with the Church? Corrupt leadership. Renaissance- era popes spent on personal pleasure. Pope Alexander VI said he fathered several children. Many priests and monks were poorly educated. How can you teach if you can barely read? Some priests broke their vows, they got married/had children. Some priests drank to excess, many gambled. But mostly, indulgences. The selling of indulgences (pardons) "releases a sinner from performing the penalty a priest imposed for sins". Johann Tetzer was a monk who sold indulgences to help rebuild St. Peter's Cathedral. A monk named Martin Luther objected to this practice. So, who is this "Martin Luther"? Formative Years. Martin Luther was born in Germany in 1483. He attends the University of Erfurt (he called it a beerhouse and a whorehouse). After getting his degree he enrolls in law school (his father's wish). As people are dying of the plague (which they "deserve"). ZAP! Everything changes with a bolt of lightning. Martin was on his way back to school after a visit home (he was 21). He got struck by lightning and knocked off his horse. He then decided to become a monk. Monk-y Business. Two weeks later, Martin drops out of law school. 1504- he joins an Augustinian monastery. 1507- ordained a priest. 1508- teaching theology at the University of Wittenberg. 1512- he becomes a Doctor of Theology. Martin Luther gets mad at the Church. Luther thinks Tetzer is a "pardon-merchant". Martin came up with 95 objections to the Church of "doing business". He nails them to the church door in Wittenburg on Halloween. Known as the "95 Theses". The Church is Going to need Aloe for this Burn. The "95 Theses" document was copied and taken to a printer. Luther says the Church needs to be Reformed. "Reformed"="Reformation". People win salvation by faith in God's gift of forgiveness. All Church teachings should be clearly based on the words of the Bible. All people with faith is equal. People do not need priests to interpret the Bible for them. Those were all the notes that I had written down in my book based on the slideshow. That is all we did today in Western Civilization. 

May 11

Yesterday in class, the students talked to Mr. Schick from being on rest for two weeks. It was interesting speaking with the teacher after not seeing him for a little bit of time. Well, things did feel like they were getting back to normal in that class. Anyways, Mr. Schick talked about his surgery and how things went with it, and then he spoke on the time he was gone for. After that, we took notes on the 'Rome' slide that he created for the upcoming test, which I hope I do well on. Rome, Rome, Rome. Who settled Rome? Etruscans came from the north-central part of the peninsula. Metal workers, artists, architects. Who else settled Rome? Greeks, they had many colonies around the Mediterranean Sea. The Romans borrowed ideas from them such as religious beliefs, the alphabet, much of their art, military techniques and weaponry. But who first settled there? The Latins, which are descendants of Indo-Europeans. Settled on the banks of the Tiber. They drained the swamp. Many streams flowed into the Tiber. 

May 24

Read: 488-494

Questions: 1,3,4

1.

• indulgence- pardon for sins believed to buy a way into heaven
• reformation- formation of several protestant church reformations
• Lutheran- what Luther and his follower's religion was called
• protestant- Christians who belong to non- catholic churches
• peace of Augsburg- a famous religious settlement who decided the religion of the state
• annul- to set aside (marriage)
• Anglican- church of England with Elizabeth as head

3. -Queen Elizabeth I helped restore Protestantism 

-Powerful monarchs challenged the church as the supreme power in Europe
-Many leaders viewed the pope as a foreign ruler and challenged his authority
-European princes and kings were jealous of the Church's wealth. 
-Merchants and other people didn't want to pay taxes to the church
-Some church leaders had become worldly and corrupt
-Many people found Church practices such as selling indulgences unacceptable
-People wanted to be able to divorce

4. A group of people at the time of Martin Luther who was Catholic protestors of certain Catholic beliefs.

May 22

Today in class, we went over the powerpoint about reformation again. We talked about patrons and artists they sponsored. Like d'Este, she sponsored almost all of the greatest artists of all time. For example, she sponsored Da Vinci, Michaelangelo, and many more. She was also an artist herself. Her parents were wealthy and powerful and passed that down to her. We then talked about Michaelangelo's sculptures and paintings in the churches. He was a creative genius. 

May 20

Read Page: 468-477
Questions: 1,3,4,5

1:
Rennaisance: a movement that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome

Humanism: A belief that emphasizes faith and optimism in human potential and creativity

Secular: Concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters

Patron: a person who provides financial support for the arts

Perspective: point of view

Vernacular: the everyday language of ordinary people

3:

Man:                                                          
-Renaissance writers introduced the idea that all educated people were expected to create art. the ideal individual strove to master "universal man. Later ages called such people "Renaissance man"


Woman:
-the upper-class woman also should know the classics and be charming. But not meant to seek fame. They needed to inspire art but rarely create it. the upper-class woman was better educated than a medieval woman

4: Thriving cities, a wealthy merchant class, and the classical heritage of Greece and Rome

5:  Medieval artists had used religious subjects to convey a spiritual ideal. Renaissance artists often portrayed religious subjects, but they used a realistic style copied from classical models.

May 17

Read Page: 468-477
Questions: 1,3,4,5

1:
Rennaisance: a movement that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome


Humanism: A belief that emphasizes faith and optimism in human potential and creativity


Secular: Concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters


Patron: a person who provides financial support for the arts


Perspective: point of view


Vernacular: the everyday language of ordinary people


3:
Man:                                                          
-renaissance writers introduced the idea that all educated people were expected to create art. the ideal individual strove to master "universal man. Later ages called such people "Renaissance man"


Woman:
-the upper-class woman also should know the classics and be charming. But not meant to seek fame. They needed to inspire art but rarely create it. the upper-class woman was better educated than a medieval woman


4:


5:

May 16

Today in class, we took our fifty point test on Rome. I ain't gonna lie, I feel like I didn't do too hot. A couple of questions I drew a blank and had no clue what the answer was. I studied a lot for this test too. I have no clue what went wrong. But I am praying that I did well. Because if I didn't, I am going to be in trouble at home. And I don't want that. But after the test, we were allowed to go on our laptops, so I got a bunch of work done.

May 14

-Latins were the first to settle
-Greek had many colonies along the Mediterranean sea
-Settled on Palatine hill
-Tarquin was the seventh and final king
-lucretia and Sextus she committed suicide after tarquins son raped her
-democracy
-aristocracy
-monarchy
-NO TYRANNY
-Res publica means peoples affairs, how we get republic
-executive, judicial, and legislative
-some had two consuls, one-year terms, veto power, controls the military and could appoint a dictator.
- The as one pres., four-year terms, veto, commander in chief.
- some legislative only had two houses, now the US has 100 senators, and there are 435 reps. 55 from Cali, 8 from MD. Two-year terms
- Judicial back then was praetors and that's it. Now, we have court for everything. Supreme court had nine members with lifetime terms.
- twelve codes/now bill of rights
-Punic war
--naval batter in Sicily was the first
--23 years
--Hannibal attempted the new tactic in the second.
--Rome destroyed Carthage in the third one
-latifundia(big farms)
-Julius Caesar was very successful; he made people happy and stuck to his words.
- Pompey, Crassus, and Julius were the triumvirate
- crossing the Rubicon= point to no return
-Appoints himself as power of Gaul

May 13

Today in class, we reviewed more for the test. We went through a power point that talked about the differences and similarities between the US now and Rome. We also talked about what kind of government time had and used while they were the powerhouse of the ancient time. They used a republic with representatives. Kind of like what we use today. We also discussed their military tactics and how they won so many battles. But we also talked about how they fell from the throne.

May 8

pg 178-183

• the Romans developed many ideas and institutions that became fundamental to western civilization
• Romans learned the art of sculpture from the greeks
• bas- relief or low- relief images project from a flat background
• Mosaics were pictures or designs made by setting small pieces of stone, glass, or tile onto a surface
• frescoes were painted directly on walls
• Livy compiled a multivolume history of Rome from its origin to 9 BC
• Latin remained the language of Rome after the fall of Rome
• Many US buildings include Roman features
• Romans figured that all laws should be equal and apply to the poor and rich

terms and questions:

• Greco-roman culture: an ancient culture that developed from a blending of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman cultures
• Pompeii: a Roman town where most paintings were found. Mount Vesuvius erupted and covered the town in thick layers of ash killing lots of people
• Virgil: A poet that wrote/created the Aeneid
• Tacitus: Roman historian that presented multiple facts accurately
• Aqueduct: a pipeline or channel built to carry water to populated areas

5. It started the language called the Romance languages which were the French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, and Romanian adopting Latin into their languages

May 7

1)
Greco - Roman culture- The mixing of elements of Greek, Hellenistic and Roman culture produced a new culture

Pompeii-Roman town destroyed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius

Virgil-wrote Aeneid-legend of Aeneus; poet

Tacitus-historian-presented facts accurately, wrote about good and bad of imperial Rome

aqueduct-bring water into cities and towns

2) I think the law would be the best accomplishment because it set up a lot of governments today by giving people the same set of laws as everyone else and giving the people they say. 

3) Greco-Roman culture is the mixing of elements of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman
cultures.

4) The Greeks were known for beautiful but idealized sculpture; Roman sculptors created more realistic works.

5) It forms the basis for Western languages such as French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, and Romanian; more than half of English words have a basis in Latin.

May 6

Read Page: 173-176
Answer Numbers: 1,3,4,5
Worksheet: 4

1.

• Inflation- a drastic drop in the value of money coupled with a rise in prices, which was one of the factors that prompted the weakening of Rome's economy.
• Mercenaries- foreign soldiers that fought in exchange for money that the Roman government recruited in order to defend themselves against increasing threats to the empire. Mercenaries felt little sense of loyalty to the empire.
• Diocletian- a strong-willed army leader that became the new emperor of Rome in 284 A.D. He limited personal freedoms but also restored order and increased the strength of the empire.
• Constantinople- the city, originally called Byzantium, that was the capital on the Bosphorus Strait. The city was eventually renamed Constantinople, after Constantine, the commander that relocated the capital in the first place. After his death, the empire would be divided again, with the East surviving and the West falling.
• Attila- a powerful chieftain that the Huns united under. They terrorized both parts of the empire but eventually failed due to famine and disease.

3. The main internal causes of the empire's decline were hostile tribes, inflation, food shortages and disease, and overworked soil.

4. Diocletian succeeded in preserving the empire by doubling the size of the Roman army and divided the empire into the Greek-speaking East and the Latin-speaking West.

5. Germanic tribes began invading the Roman Empire in order to flee from the Huns who were destroying their region.

May 1

The rap "Rome" by Chi Cago compares to the information in the textbook in many different ways. The textbook and song talk about the same things, but in different forms. On page 155, it says how the earliest settlers in Rome were the Latins, Greeks, and the Etruscans. But in the song, the lyrics are "Well, you got the Etruscans and the first Romans were the Latins." In the rap, he says the same thing: "The Greeks, but the Latins come first, to the shores of the river Tiber, patricians and plebeians drained a swamp, next thing you know, livin' in Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome." Another thing that the rap mentions that's in the textbook is when he raps about the Pax Romana and the two consuls. I think that this rap is a good start and platform to build off for studying Rome. The song reviews the basics and main ideas of Rome. That is mostly all we did today in class.

May 2nd

Read Pages: 168-172
Answer #'s: 1,3,4,5 on page 172
Worksheet 3 (Page:90)

1)
Jesus- Born in the town of Bethlehem, later started working as a carpenter, and then at the age of 30, he started his public ministry. He was known as the Messiah, and he calls himself the Son of Man or Son of God

• Apostle- One of the followers of Jesus who preached and spread his teachings

• Paul- the Apostle, had an enormous influence on Christianity's development

• Diaspora- The dispersal of the Jews from their homeland in Palestine

• Constantine- Another Roman Emperor

• Bishop- A high-ranking Christian official who supervises a number of local churche

• Peter- Apostle, He knew Jesus

• Pope- The bishop of Rome, head of the Roman Catholic Church

3)
Personal relationships with God, the importance of people's love to God, Also, offered eternal life if you repented for your sins

4)
They refused to worship the Roman gods

5)
It defined the Church and basic beliefs